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Introduction and scope
The Spanish helmet law came into effect
from 23rd January 2004. It applies to bicycle riders of all ages. However it
does not apply: to cyclists riding in towns and cities; during periods of
extreme heat; when riding up steep hills; or to professional cyclists.
A
fine of up to EUR90 can be imposed for not wearing a helmet.
Compliance and enforcement
In 2003, pre-law, 19% of cyclists
wore helmets. In early 2005, helmet use remained unusual in towns but was about
75% among sports cyclists outside towns.
Enforcement is generally very lax.
It is not a priority for the Guardia Civil, who alone have responsibility for
enforcement.
Effect on casualties
Prior to legislation, an in-depth study of
non-fatal cycle accidents by the Spanish Directorate of Traffic [1]
concluded that no statistically relevant positive effects of helmet wearing
could be detected. A subsequent study [2] concluded that there
was a benefit from helmet use, but this has been criticised for containing no
medical data, not distinguishing between minor and serious head injuries and not
considering other possible reasons for falling casualties.
Post-law data is
not yet available.
Effect on cycle use
Cycle use in Spain is low, at around 0.7% of
trips prior to legislation. No data is yet available to show the effect of the
helmet law.
Cost benefit
No data available.
References
[1]
Estudio sobre accidentes de
ciclistas en carretera
, 1999. Ministerio del Interior, Spain 
[2] Claret PL, del Castello JDL, Moleón JJJ, Martin MG, Cavanillas AB, Vargas RG. Valoración del efecto del uso de casco en los
cicilistas sobre el riesgo de sufrir lesiones craneales y de morir en España,
entre 1990 y 1999. Medicina Clinica, 2003;120(3):85-88.
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